Jazirah: Jurnal Peradaban dan Kebudayaan

PERKEMBANGAN HISTORIS PEMAHAMAN AKIDAH AHLUSSUNNAH WAL JAMAAH DI MASYARAKAT DESA TANJUNG MULIA KECAMATAN MEDAN DELI

Winda Rizki Yanti Harahap, Maraimbang Daulay — Thu, 13 Aug 2026 18:49:14 +0700

This study is motivated by the importance of examining the historical development of the understanding of Ahlussunnah Wal Jamaah theology amid the social dynamics and changing religious life of the community in Tanjung Mulia Village, Medan Deli District. Changes in Islamic educational patterns, da'wah activities, and community interaction with various sources of religious information have influenced the transmission and strengthening of theological understanding over time. This study aims to analyze the historical development of the understanding of Ahlussunnah Wal Jamaah theology, identify the factors influencing its development, and explain the role of religious leaders and Islamic institutions in preserving the values of Ahlussunnah Wal Jamaah within the community. The study employed a qualitative method using a historical and field research approach. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews with religious leaders, community leaders, and local residents, as well as documentation of religious activities and other supporting sources. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing by relating the historical evidence obtained from the field. The findings indicate that the development of the understanding of Ahlussunnah Wal Jamaah theology in Tanjung Mulia Village has progressed gradually through the roles of families, Islamic educational institutions, mosques, majelis taklim (Islamic study circles), and continuous guidance provided by religious scholars and community leaders. The values of Ahlussunnah Wal Jamaah have been consistently transmitted through Islamic study gatherings, wirid Yasin assemblies, commemorations of Islamic holy days, and other religious traditions practiced by the community. This historical development has shaped a community characterized by moderation, tolerance, mutual cooperation, and the ability to maintain social harmony amid societal change. The findings further demonstrate that the sustainability of the understanding of Ahlussunnah Wal Jamaah theology is influenced not only by historical factors and local culture but also by the continuity of Islamic education, da'wah activities, and the exemplary leadership of religious figures in guiding the religious life of the community.

STRATEGI PENGAJARAN DAN METODE DALAM KURIKULUM BAHASA ARAB

Ahmad Sobri Maulana, Acep Hermawan, Eva Lathifah Fauzia, Yoza Andi Putra — Thu, 13 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research is prompted by the stagnation of conventional methodologies and the low integration of technology within the Arabic language curriculum, which hinder the development of 21st-century communicative competence. The core issue lies in the disparity between rigid curricular theory and inflexible classroom practices. The objective of this study is to formulate an integrative teaching strategy model to align theoretical curricular demands with practical classroom needs. Employing a descriptive qualitative methodology with a literature review approach, this study conducts an in-depth analysis of various pedagogical literatures and relevant curriculum documents. The results indicate that the formulation of an “Adaptive-Integrative Strategy” which incorporates Differentiated Instruction, local wisdom, and digital literacy can transform textual material into flexible and contextual instructional steps for students. These findings confirm that a holistic synchronization of grammatical and functional aspects can address the challenges of diverse student linguistic competencies and infrastructure limitations. The implications of this research provide strategic guidance for educators to create a more inclusive, effective, and meaningful Arabic learning ecosystem to enhance the international competitiveness of graduates.

A SAUSSUREAN SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS OF THE VISUAL AND VERBAL CONSTRUCTION OF RACIAL IDENTITY IN SPIKE LEE'S BLACKKKLANSMAN (2018)

Dendy Abyaz Rusmawan, Irman Nurhapitudin, R Myrna Nur Sakinah — Thu, 13 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study examines the construction of racial identity in Spike Lee's BlacKkKlansman (2018) through Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotic theory. While previous studies have primarily focused on discourse, language, or the thematic portrayal of racism, this research investigates how verbal and visual signs work together to construct meanings of white supremacy and Black identity. Employing a qualitative approach, the study analyzes 20 scenes selected based on the research criteria, consisting of verbal and visual representations, using Saussure's concepts of the signifier and the signified. Data were collected through repeated viewing, scene segmentation, documentation, and note-taking, and analyzed using Miles and Huberman's interactive model. The findings reveal that verbal and visual signifiers collectively construct racial identity by representing white supremacy, institutional racism, Black identity, and resistance. The study concludes that BlacKkKlansman functions as a cultural text in which interconnected systems of signs construct ideological meaning, demonstrating the relevance of Saussure's semiotic framework for literary and film studies.

DINAMIKA POLITIK DAN MILITER DALAM HISTORIOGRAFI ISLAM:TELAAH ATAS KITAB FUTUH AL-BULDAN KARYA ALBALADHURI 850-870 M

Mushab Al-Muqri, Safari Daud, Wahyu Iryana — Thu, 13 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This article examines the political and military dynamics in Islamic historiography through *Futuh al-Buldan*, the monumental work of Ahmad ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri, which was compiled during the mid-Abbasid Caliphate in the 9th century. This book is one of the classic works of Islamic historiography that documents the conquests of Islamic territories since the 7th century CE and also provides information on political policies, administrative systems, taxation, peace treaties, and govermance in the conquered regions. This study aims to analyze the political narrative in *Futuh al-Buldan* and explain its contribution to the formation of discourse on power in early Islamic historiography. The research uses historical methods, including heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The primary source of this study is *Futuh al-Buldan* by Ahmad ibn Yahya al-baladhuri, while secondary sources are obtained from books, articles, and prior relevant. Research results show that *Futuh al-Buldan* is one of the most important primary sources in the study of Islamic conquests from the 7th to the early 9th century CE. This book not only presents the chronology of Islamic territorial expansion but also records the consolidation of power through administrative policies, diplomatic relations, and peace treaties. These findings confirm that *Futuh al-Buldan* has high historical and historiographical value and remains relevant as key referensce in the study of history, politics, and govermance of clasical Islam, as well as in the development of contemporary Islamic historiography studies.

HISTORIOGRAFI ISLAM DALAM KITAB DALA’IL AL-NUBUWWAH IMAM BAYHAQI (STUDI NARASI BIOGRAFI DAN PERJUANGAN NABI MUHAMMAD SAW)

Rizqi Kurniawan, Wahyu Iryana, Ahmad Basyori — Thu, 13 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This writing discusses Islamic historiography in the book Dala'il al-Nubuwwah by Imam Bayhaqi with a focus on the biographical narrative and struggle of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. This research aims to analyze how Imam Bayhaqi compiled a history of the Prophet's life while proving the authority of the prophet through the hadith and classical Islamic historiography approaches. The method used is a historical research method which includes source collection, source criticism, interpretation and historiography. The primary source of research comes from the book Dala'il al-Nubuwwah, while secondary sources are obtained from scientific articles, journals, books and other Islamic historical literature. The research results show that the book Dala'il al-Nubuwwah not only contains a history of the Prophet's life, but also presents proof of prophethood through authentic hadiths, explanations of miracles and spiritual aspects which are arranged systematically. Apart from that, this book also has an important contribution to the development of Islamic historiography because it combines textual, spiritual and methodological approaches in writing the history of the Prophet. Thus, Imam Bayhaqi's work becomes an important foundation in understanding the history and authority of the Prophet Muhammad SAW comprehensively.

PEMBINGKAIAN PERISTIWA CIMAREME 1919: ANALISIS PEMBERITAAN H. HASAN ARIF DALAM SURAT KABAR BELANDA

Siti Hanifah Firdaus, Amung Ahmad Syahir Muharam, Agung Purnama — Fri, 14 Aug 2026 15:00:33 +0700

This study aims to analyze the reporting on the death of H. Hasan Arif in Dutch newspapers in 1919 and to reveal the discourse strategies used by colonial media to frame the event. The Cimareme incident of 1919 arose from the people’s rejection of the forced rice procurement policy that heavily burdened local farmers amid the food crisis caused by World War I. This research employs the historical method consisting of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography, strengthened by Robert Entman’s framing theory, Edward Said’s concept of Orientalism, and Herbert Schiller’s perspective on political communication. The results show a systematic and uniform framing pattern: newspapers divided the reporting into three stages, namely simplification of the issue, justification of repressive actions, and reduction of the event into a mere legal case. The media consistently labeled H. Hasan Arif as a rebel and religious fanatic, while blocking access to alternative narratives to justify colonial power. This study contributes new insights by revealing the mechanism of colonial media as a hegemonic instrument, thereby enriching historical understanding of how resistance narratives were constructed to serve ruling interests.

ISU HIJAB DI PRANCIS 1989-2004: ANTARA PERINTAH TUHAN DAN PRINSIP LAÏCITÉ

Afifah Ilma Zein, Faizal Arifin, Jajang Jahroni, Nurul Azizah, Zakiya Darojat — Thu, 13 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study examines the development of the hijab issue in French public schools between 1989 and 2004, beginning with the Affaire du Foulard at Collège Gabriel-Havez in Creil and culminating in the enactment of Loi n° 2004-228 du 15 mars 2004. Unlike previous studies that primarily focus on state policy, legal aspects, or intellectual debates, this research traces the evolution of the hijab controversy through the experiences of Muslim schoolgirls, school-level policy dynamics, and changes in state policy during the period. The study employs a social history approach using the historical method, consisting of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The sources include audiovisual archives from the Institut National de l'Audiovisuel (INA), contemporary media reports—particularly Le Monde—legal documents, and relevant scholarly works. The findings reveal four main points. First, Muslim schoolgirls understood the hijab as an integral part of their religious identity, whereas school authorities interpreted it within the framework of laïcité. Second, between 1989 and 1992, the controversy was addressed through dialogue, negotiation, and differing interpretations at the school level, resulting in diverse experiences among Muslim schoolgirls. Third, following the issuance of the Circulaire Bayrou in 1994 and the establishment of the Stasi Commission in 2003, the debate gradually shifted from school-based disputes to a broader national discussion concerning laïcité, integration, and republican identity. Fourth, the enactment of Loi n° 2004-228 du 15 mars 2004 replaced case-by-case resolutions at the school level with a uniform national legal framework, affecting both educational opportunities and the ways in which Muslim schoolgirls maintained their religious identity. This study argues that the development of the hijab issue in France cannot be understood solely through changes in state policy but must also be examined through the experiences of Muslim schoolgirls, whose voices constitute an essential part of the history of the French hijab controversy.

SONGKOK RECCA DI KERAJAAN BONE: SIMBOL DAN FUNGSINYA

Ilham Firman, Awalia Rahma, Zakiya Darojat, Jajang Jahroni, Nurul Azizah — Thu, 13 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The gold-thread width on a Songkok Recca, a woven lontar-fiber cap worn by Bugis men, once told you exactly where a man stood in the social order of the Bone Kingdom: an anak pattola's cap carried a full band, a raja matase's carried half, a commoner's a thinner strip still, and an ata wore none at all. Existing scholarship on the cap has mostly examined its raw-material ethnobotany or its present-day role as cultural identity and livelihood in Desa Paccing, leaving its pre-1950 political-symbolic function, and its entanglement with Dutch colonial policy, comparatively unexamined. This study narrows its locus to the Bone Kingdom and traces the cap's function from the point its wear was formally codified under the 32nd king, La Mappanyukki, through the kingdom's dissolution in 1950, combining the four stages of historical method (heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, historiography) with Clifford Geertz's interpretive anthropology, reading colonial archives and KITLV Leiden photographs (circa 1910–1938) as texts carrying layered social meaning rather than as plain fact. The findings show the cap functioning as an almost bureaucratic instrument of social control keyed to precise gold-thread proportions; a meaning that was already plural before the modern era, coexisting with the Songko Guru variant worn by religious-intellectual figures; and Dutch officials after 1905 documenting and using the symbol to legitimize indirect rule (zelfbestuur) from 1931 onward. The contribution here is a historical-anthropological reading that joins colonial records with Bugis-Bone oral tradition, and a reminder that before Songkok Recca became the commercial-cultural product it is today, it once functioned as a hierarchy marker regulated with near-bureaucratic precision by the palace.

KEPEMIMPINAN KARISMATIK ABDULLAH BIN RAWAHAH DALAM PERANG MU’TAH 8 H/629 M

Nisrina Izzati, Aip Aly Arfan — Fri, 14 Aug 2026 15:37:10 +0700

This study examines the leadership of Abdullah bin Rawahah in the Battle of Mu'tah. This theme is considered important because, despite Abdullah bin Rawahah's significant role in early Islamic history, research on his figure remains limited in Indonesia. This article explains a brief biography of Abdullah bin Rawahah, the background of the Battle of Mu'tah, and his leadership during the battle. The method used is the historical method, comprising heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography, drawing on three primary sources: Sirah Nabawiyah by Ibn Hisham, Al-Maghazi by Al-Waqidi, and Tarikh al-Rusul wal Muluk by Al-Tabari. This study applies Max Weber's theory of charismatic leadership. The results reveal that Abdullah bin Rawahah was one of the Prophet's companions skilled in reading, writing, and poetry, and was frequently entrusted with important tasks, including participation in various battles. The Battle of Mu'tah was his last, as he was martyred in it. The battle was triggered by the killing of the Prophet's envoy, Al-Harith bin Umair Al-Azdi, prompting the Prophet to deploy 3,000 troops against 200,000 Roman soldiers under three commanders: Zaid bin Haritsah, Ja'far bin Abi Thalib, and Abdullah bin Rawahah. Analyzed through Weber's theory of charismatic leadership, his leadership demonstrates charismatic authority tested through personal qualities, emergence amid crisis, and concrete proof until martyrdom, although this authority originated from the Prophet's appointment rather than spontaneous recognition from followers. This study highlights leadership tested through personal qualities and proven through real action, thus enriching the understanding of leadership dynamics in early Islamic history.

PEMANFAATAN MEDIA MASSA DALAM KONFLIK PKI DAN HMI: PROPAGANDA PEMBUBARAN HMI PADA TAHUN 1965

Putri Yasmin Azzahra, Imas Emalia — Fri, 14 Aug 2026 16:08:52 +0700

This study analyzes the utilization of mass media as a propaganda tool in the conflict between the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) and the Islamic Students' Association (HMI) in 1965, particularly concerning the campaign to dissolve HMI at the end of the Old Order era. Using historical research methods encompassing heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography, this study examines 13 newspaper articles from 6 different publishers, especially Harian Rakjat as the official mouthpiece of PKI, along with contemporary documents such as Sukarno's speeches, HMI's constitution, and Presidential Decrees. Employing Harold Lasswell's propaganda theory framework, this study finds that PKI systematically conducted symbol management through negative labeling of HMI as a "onderbouw of Masyumi", "counter-revolutionary", "terrorist", and "university devil" to create public justification for dissolution demands. This propaganda was massively disseminated through PKI-affiliated mass media to standardize public opinion and mobilize engineered mass reactions. However, these propaganda efforts completely failed after the September 30th Movement (G30S/PKI) event that drastically altered the political power structure. This study concludes that propaganda without strong power support and alignment with historical facts will inevitably fail when reality itself rises against that propaganda. This research offers a new contribution to the study of Indonesian political history by shifting the analytical focus from elite political lobbying to the struggle for discursive hegemony in the public sphere mediated by contemporary press.