ELIT PERKEBUNAN KOLONIAL DALAM PERSAUDARAAN MASONIK: DINAMIKA ORGANISASI DAN INTELEKTUAL KRING PANGALENGAN
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Penelitian ini mengkaji aktivitas organisasi dan intelektual Vrijmetselaar-kring Pangalengan (1934–1941), sebuah cabang yang berafiliasi dengan Loji Sint Jan Bandung. Sebagai sebuah “cabang” di pinggiran kota kolonial Bandung, anggotanya merupakan para elit perkebunan kolonial termasuk dari teknokrat dan manajer seperti J. H. W. Rüsch dan Dr. B. Vrijburg. Mereka menggunakan forum persaudaraan ini untuk mengatasi keterbatasan geografis untuk tetap menjalankan aktivitas masonik. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah yang terdiri dari heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Pendekatan sejarah sosial dilakukan berdasarkan sumber primer sejarah berupa kronik pertemuan dan laporan tahunan yang diterbitkan dalam Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa organisasi Kring berfungsi sebagai simpul jaringan sosial yang mengatasi isolasi geografis, dengan menjaga koneksi antara anggota Freemasonry yang berasal dari berbagai loji dan perkebunan seperti Santosa, Malabar, Taloen, Wanasoeka, dan Negla. Secara institusional, Kring menunjukkan adaptasi logistik yang terkonsolidasi, menggunakan fasilitas seperti gudang bioskop perkebunan sebagai lokasi pertemuan, serta mempertahankan struktur kepengurusan yang stabil. Kring Pangalengan juga memiliki jadwal pertemuan yang teratur dan responsif terhadap berbagai isu eksternal. Aktivitas intelektual yang dilakukan meliputi diskusi etika-spiritual dan kajian ideologis, termasuk mendiskusikan berbagai gerakan sosial atau politik seperti Nazi dan gerakan Anti-Masonik. Diskusi kritis dan berorientasi refleksi moral juga dilakukan, termasuk merefleksikan kondisi dunia menjelang Perang Dunia II. Perdebatan ini merupakan bagian dari upaya pembentukan identitas kolektif yang bertujuan mendefinisikan dan memperkuat prinsip-prinsip liberal freemasonry dan refleksi moral sebagai penawar terhadap ideologi totaliter menjelang Perang Dunia II. Kajian historis mengenai Vrijmetselaar-kring Pangalengan merupakan upaya memperkaya kajian sejarah lokal yang menunjukkan aktivitas para elit Belanda di kawasan Selatan Bandung, selain kajian sejarah sosial mengenai aktivitas sosial komunitas Eropa di Hindia Belanda
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Referensi
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———. Metode Sejarah: Merencanakan dan Menulis Penelitian Sejarah. Yogyakarta: Deepublish, 2023.
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Arifin, Faizal, Rahmat Mulya Nugraha, and Taryadi Taryadi. “Sejarah Freemasonry Di Tasikmalaya, 1902-1939.” Jazirah: Jurnal Peradaban Dan Kebudayaan 2, no. 1 (July 2021): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.51190/jazirah.v2i1.4.
Avery Allyn. A Ritual of Freemasonry: Illustrated by Numerous Engravings : To Which Is Added a Key to the Phi Beta Kappa, the Orange, and Odd Fellows Societies ; with Notes and Remarks. New York: William Gowans, 1853.
Beeman, Richard R. “The New Social History and the Search for ‘Community’ in Colonial America.” American Quarterly 29, no. 4 (1977): 422–43. https://doi.org/10.2307/2712368.
Bitter, J. M. M., R. Ng. Sosrohadikoesoemo, and C. P. L. B. Voûte. Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift, 43e Jaargang, 1937–1938. Vol. 43. Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift. Semarang; Soerabaia; Bandoeng; ’s-Gravenhage: G. C. T. van Dorp & Co. N.V., 1938.
———. Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift, 44e Jaargang, 1938–1939. Vol. 44. Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift. Semarang; Soerabaia; Bandoeng; ’s-Gravenhage: G. C. T. van Dorp & Co. N.V., 1939.
———. Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift, 45e Jaargang, 1939–1940. Vol. 45. Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift. Semarang; Soerabaia; Bandoeng; ’s-Gravenhage: G. C. T. van Dorp & Co. N.V., 1940.
———. Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift, 46e Jaargang, 1940–1941. Vol. 46. Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift. Semarang; Soerabaia; Bandoeng; ’s-Gravenhage: G. C. T. van Dorp & Co. N.V., 1941.
———. Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift, 47e Jaargang, 1941–1942. Vol. 47. Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift. Semarang: Van Dorp, 1942.
Brinkman’s advertentie-bureau, ed. Brinkman’s cultuur-adresboek voor Nederlandsch-Indië, 1937. Brinkman’s advertentie-bureau, 1937. http://hdl.handle.net/1887.1/item:981995.
Carpentier Alting, A. S., D. De Visser Smits, and A. E. F. Junod. Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift, 34e Jaargang, 1928–1929. Vol. 34. Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift. Semarang; Soerabaia; Bandoeng; ’s-Gravenhage: G. C. T. van Dorp & Co., 1929.
———. Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift, 39e Jaargang, 1933–1934. Vol. 39. Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift. Semarang; Soerabaia; Bandoeng; ’s-Gravenhage: G. C. T. van Dorp & Co., 1934.
———. Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift, 41e Jaargang, 1935–1936. Vol. 41. Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift. Semarang; Soerabaia; Bandoeng; ’s-Gravenhage: G. C. T. van Dorp & Co. N.V., 1936.
Daliman, A. Metode Penelitian Sejarah. Penerbit Ombak, 2012.
Doesburg, Jacob O. Freemasonry Illustrated. The Complete Ritual of the First Seven Masonic Degrees, by Jacob O. Doesburg ... A Historical Sketch of the Institution and a Critical Analysis of the Character of Each Degree, by President J. Blanchard of Wheaton College ... The Accuracy of This Exposition Attested by J.O. Doesburg. With David O. McKay Library Brigham Young University-Idaho. Chicago, IL: Ezra A. Cook, 1916. http://archive.org/details/freemasonry1916.
Harland-Jacobs, Jessica. “Freemasonry and Colonialism.” In Handbook of Freemasonry, 439–60. Brill, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004273122_025.
Herlina, Nina. Metode Sejarah. Bandung: Satya Historika, 2020.
Het Provinciaal Hoofdbestuur, and A. E. F. Junod. Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift, 42e Jaargang, 1936–1937. Vol. 42. Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift. Semarang; Soerabaia; Bandoeng; ’s-Gravenhage: G. C. T. van Dorp & Co. N.V., 1937.
Hidayat, Asep Ahmad, Faizal Arifin, Tia Ruli Dais, and Endang Sari Wahyuni. “Dari Orang Belanda Sampai Elit Bumiputera: Kajian Sejarah Freemasonry Di Kota Cirebon 1900-1942.” Agastya: Jurnal Sejarah Dan Pembelajarannya 10, no. 2 (July 2020): 145. https://doi.org/10.25273/ajsp.v10i2.5402.
HOVIC. Hoogvlakte van Bandoeng. Indonesia: Leiden University Libraries - Digital Collections, 1920. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hoogvlakte_Van_Bandoeng_1920.jpg.
Jacob, Margaret C. Living the Enlightenment: Freemasonry and Politics in Eighteenth-Century Europe. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.
Jordaan, Roy, and Peter Carey. “Thomas Stamford Raffles’ Masonic Career in Java: A New Perspective on the British Interregnum (1811–1816).” Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 90, no. 2 (2017): 1–34.
Joyce, Patrick. “What Is the Social in Social History?” Past & Present, no. 206 (2010): 213–48.
“KITLV A34 - De Vrijmetselaarsloge St. Jan Te Bandoeng | Digital Collections.” Accessed November 9, 2025. http://hdl.handle.net/1887.1/item:913357.
“KITLV A540 - Vee van Melkveeboerderij De Friesche Terp Te Pengalengan | Digital Collections.” Accessed November 9, 2025. http://hdl.handle.net/1887.1/item:766782.
“KITLV A540 - Veearts B. Vrijburg (Rechts) Met Zijn Zus H. Vrijburg En Zijn Dochter A. Titia Op Melkveeboerderij De Friesche Terp Te Pengalengan | Digital Collections.” Accessed November 9, 2025. http://hdl.handle.net/1887.1/item:765502.
“KITLV A1110 - Theeonderneming Bij Malabar Bij Bandoeng | Digital Collections.” Accessed November 9, 2025. http://hdl.handle.net/1887.1/item:890318.
Klein, Martin A. “African Social History.” African Studies Review 15, no. 1 (April 1972): 97–112. https://doi.org/10.2307/523536.
Kroon, A. A. “Masonic Networks, Material Culture and International Trade : The Participation of Dutch Freemasons in the Commercial and Cultural Exchange with Southeast Asia (1735-1853).” Leiden University, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/1887/36561.
Madjid, M. Dien, and Johan Wahyudhi. Ilmu Sejarah: Sebuah Pengantar. Jakarta: Prenada Media Group, 2014.
Malcolm C. Duncan. Duncan’s Masonic Ritual And Monitor. New York: Dick & Fritzgerald, 1866.
Martínez Esquivel, Ricardo. “Global History and Freemasonry: 300 Years of Modernity, Sociability and Imperialism.” Revista de Estudios Históricos de La Masonería Latinoamericana y Caribeña 9, no. 2 (January 2018). https://doi.org/10.15517/rehmlac.v9i2.31496.
Statistiek, Centraal Bureau voor de. “Prijzen toen en nu.” Webpagina. Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek, December 10, 2020. https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/visualisaties/prijzen-toen-en-nu.
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Stoler, Ann Laura. Along the Archival Grain: Epistemic Anxieties and Colonial Common Sense. Princeton University Press, 2010.
———. “Rethinking Colonial Categories: European Communities and the Boundaries of Rule.” Comparative Studies in Society and History (Cambridge) 31, no. 1 (January 1989): 134–61. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417500005085.
“Theeonderneming Wanasoeka Ten Zuiden van Bandoeng Met de Administrateurswoning En Rechts de Weg van Pengalengan Naar Santosa | Digital Collections.” Accessed November 9, 2025. http://hdl.handle.net/1887.1/item:786833.
Thohir, Ajid, Dedi Supriadi, Mulyana, Faizal Arifin, and Muhammad Andi Septiadi. “The Struggle of Freemasonry and Islamic Ideology in the Twentieth Century during Colonialization in Indonesia.” Heliyon 7, no. 10 (October 2021): e08237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08237.
Van der Veur, P W. Freemasonry in Indonesia from Radermacher to Soekanto, 1762-1961. Ohio: Ohio University Center for International Studies, 1976.
“Wegslepen van Hout Ten Behoeve van de Fabricage van Theekisten Te Taloen in de Preanger | Digital Collections.” Accessed November 9, 2025. http://hdl.handle.net/1887.1/item:803422.
Прилуцкий, В.В. “Freemasons and Anti-Masons in British North America and the United States in the 18th – First Half of the 19th Centuries: Ideological Confrontation.” Диалог со временем, no. 79(79) (August 2022): 280–92. https://doi.org/10.21267/AQUILO.2022.79.79.018.
———. Metode Sejarah: Merencanakan dan Menulis Penelitian Sejarah. Yogyakarta: Deepublish, 2023.
Arifin, Faizal, and Endi Aulia Garadian. “From the Netherlands to Batavia: The Foundation of Freemasonry in Nusantara During the 18th Century.” Tarikhuna: Journal of History and History Education 7, no. 1 (May 2025).
Arifin, Faizal, Rahmat Mulya Nugraha, and Taryadi Taryadi. “Sejarah Freemasonry Di Tasikmalaya, 1902-1939.” Jazirah: Jurnal Peradaban Dan Kebudayaan 2, no. 1 (July 2021): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.51190/jazirah.v2i1.4.
Avery Allyn. A Ritual of Freemasonry: Illustrated by Numerous Engravings : To Which Is Added a Key to the Phi Beta Kappa, the Orange, and Odd Fellows Societies ; with Notes and Remarks. New York: William Gowans, 1853.
Beeman, Richard R. “The New Social History and the Search for ‘Community’ in Colonial America.” American Quarterly 29, no. 4 (1977): 422–43. https://doi.org/10.2307/2712368.
Bitter, J. M. M., R. Ng. Sosrohadikoesoemo, and C. P. L. B. Voûte. Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift, 43e Jaargang, 1937–1938. Vol. 43. Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift. Semarang; Soerabaia; Bandoeng; ’s-Gravenhage: G. C. T. van Dorp & Co. N.V., 1938.
———. Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift, 44e Jaargang, 1938–1939. Vol. 44. Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift. Semarang; Soerabaia; Bandoeng; ’s-Gravenhage: G. C. T. van Dorp & Co. N.V., 1939.
———. Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift, 45e Jaargang, 1939–1940. Vol. 45. Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift. Semarang; Soerabaia; Bandoeng; ’s-Gravenhage: G. C. T. van Dorp & Co. N.V., 1940.
———. Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift, 46e Jaargang, 1940–1941. Vol. 46. Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift. Semarang; Soerabaia; Bandoeng; ’s-Gravenhage: G. C. T. van Dorp & Co. N.V., 1941.
———. Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift, 47e Jaargang, 1941–1942. Vol. 47. Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift. Semarang: Van Dorp, 1942.
Brinkman’s advertentie-bureau, ed. Brinkman’s cultuur-adresboek voor Nederlandsch-Indië, 1937. Brinkman’s advertentie-bureau, 1937. http://hdl.handle.net/1887.1/item:981995.
Carpentier Alting, A. S., D. De Visser Smits, and A. E. F. Junod. Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift, 34e Jaargang, 1928–1929. Vol. 34. Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift. Semarang; Soerabaia; Bandoeng; ’s-Gravenhage: G. C. T. van Dorp & Co., 1929.
———. Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift, 39e Jaargang, 1933–1934. Vol. 39. Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift. Semarang; Soerabaia; Bandoeng; ’s-Gravenhage: G. C. T. van Dorp & Co., 1934.
———. Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift, 41e Jaargang, 1935–1936. Vol. 41. Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift. Semarang; Soerabaia; Bandoeng; ’s-Gravenhage: G. C. T. van Dorp & Co. N.V., 1936.
Daliman, A. Metode Penelitian Sejarah. Penerbit Ombak, 2012.
Doesburg, Jacob O. Freemasonry Illustrated. The Complete Ritual of the First Seven Masonic Degrees, by Jacob O. Doesburg ... A Historical Sketch of the Institution and a Critical Analysis of the Character of Each Degree, by President J. Blanchard of Wheaton College ... The Accuracy of This Exposition Attested by J.O. Doesburg. With David O. McKay Library Brigham Young University-Idaho. Chicago, IL: Ezra A. Cook, 1916. http://archive.org/details/freemasonry1916.
Harland-Jacobs, Jessica. “Freemasonry and Colonialism.” In Handbook of Freemasonry, 439–60. Brill, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004273122_025.
Herlina, Nina. Metode Sejarah. Bandung: Satya Historika, 2020.
Het Provinciaal Hoofdbestuur, and A. E. F. Junod. Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift, 42e Jaargang, 1936–1937. Vol. 42. Indisch Maçonniek Tijdschrift. Semarang; Soerabaia; Bandoeng; ’s-Gravenhage: G. C. T. van Dorp & Co. N.V., 1937.
Hidayat, Asep Ahmad, Faizal Arifin, Tia Ruli Dais, and Endang Sari Wahyuni. “Dari Orang Belanda Sampai Elit Bumiputera: Kajian Sejarah Freemasonry Di Kota Cirebon 1900-1942.” Agastya: Jurnal Sejarah Dan Pembelajarannya 10, no. 2 (July 2020): 145. https://doi.org/10.25273/ajsp.v10i2.5402.
HOVIC. Hoogvlakte van Bandoeng. Indonesia: Leiden University Libraries - Digital Collections, 1920. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hoogvlakte_Van_Bandoeng_1920.jpg.
Jacob, Margaret C. Living the Enlightenment: Freemasonry and Politics in Eighteenth-Century Europe. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.
Jordaan, Roy, and Peter Carey. “Thomas Stamford Raffles’ Masonic Career in Java: A New Perspective on the British Interregnum (1811–1816).” Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 90, no. 2 (2017): 1–34.
Joyce, Patrick. “What Is the Social in Social History?” Past & Present, no. 206 (2010): 213–48.
“KITLV A34 - De Vrijmetselaarsloge St. Jan Te Bandoeng | Digital Collections.” Accessed November 9, 2025. http://hdl.handle.net/1887.1/item:913357.
“KITLV A540 - Vee van Melkveeboerderij De Friesche Terp Te Pengalengan | Digital Collections.” Accessed November 9, 2025. http://hdl.handle.net/1887.1/item:766782.
“KITLV A540 - Veearts B. Vrijburg (Rechts) Met Zijn Zus H. Vrijburg En Zijn Dochter A. Titia Op Melkveeboerderij De Friesche Terp Te Pengalengan | Digital Collections.” Accessed November 9, 2025. http://hdl.handle.net/1887.1/item:765502.
“KITLV A1110 - Theeonderneming Bij Malabar Bij Bandoeng | Digital Collections.” Accessed November 9, 2025. http://hdl.handle.net/1887.1/item:890318.
Klein, Martin A. “African Social History.” African Studies Review 15, no. 1 (April 1972): 97–112. https://doi.org/10.2307/523536.
Kroon, A. A. “Masonic Networks, Material Culture and International Trade : The Participation of Dutch Freemasons in the Commercial and Cultural Exchange with Southeast Asia (1735-1853).” Leiden University, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/1887/36561.
Madjid, M. Dien, and Johan Wahyudhi. Ilmu Sejarah: Sebuah Pengantar. Jakarta: Prenada Media Group, 2014.
Malcolm C. Duncan. Duncan’s Masonic Ritual And Monitor. New York: Dick & Fritzgerald, 1866.
Martínez Esquivel, Ricardo. “Global History and Freemasonry: 300 Years of Modernity, Sociability and Imperialism.” Revista de Estudios Históricos de La Masonería Latinoamericana y Caribeña 9, no. 2 (January 2018). https://doi.org/10.15517/rehmlac.v9i2.31496.
Statistiek, Centraal Bureau voor de. “Prijzen toen en nu.” Webpagina. Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek, December 10, 2020. https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/visualisaties/prijzen-toen-en-nu.
Stevens, T. Tarekat Mason Bebas Dan Masyarakat Di Hindia Belanda Dan Indonesia, 1764-1962. Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan, 2004.
Stoler, Ann Laura. Along the Archival Grain: Epistemic Anxieties and Colonial Common Sense. Princeton University Press, 2010.
———. “Rethinking Colonial Categories: European Communities and the Boundaries of Rule.” Comparative Studies in Society and History (Cambridge) 31, no. 1 (January 1989): 134–61. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417500005085.
“Theeonderneming Wanasoeka Ten Zuiden van Bandoeng Met de Administrateurswoning En Rechts de Weg van Pengalengan Naar Santosa | Digital Collections.” Accessed November 9, 2025. http://hdl.handle.net/1887.1/item:786833.
Thohir, Ajid, Dedi Supriadi, Mulyana, Faizal Arifin, and Muhammad Andi Septiadi. “The Struggle of Freemasonry and Islamic Ideology in the Twentieth Century during Colonialization in Indonesia.” Heliyon 7, no. 10 (October 2021): e08237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08237.
Van der Veur, P W. Freemasonry in Indonesia from Radermacher to Soekanto, 1762-1961. Ohio: Ohio University Center for International Studies, 1976.
“Wegslepen van Hout Ten Behoeve van de Fabricage van Theekisten Te Taloen in de Preanger | Digital Collections.” Accessed November 9, 2025. http://hdl.handle.net/1887.1/item:803422.
Прилуцкий, В.В. “Freemasons and Anti-Masons in British North America and the United States in the 18th – First Half of the 19th Centuries: Ideological Confrontation.” Диалог со временем, no. 79(79) (August 2022): 280–92. https://doi.org/10.21267/AQUILO.2022.79.79.018.