THE CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP OF ABDULLAH BIN RAWAHAH IN THE BATTLE OF MU’TAH, 8 AH/629 CE
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Penelitian ini mengkaji kepemimpinan Abdullah bin Rawahah dalam Perang Mu’tah. Tema ini dianggap penting, karena meski Abdullah bin Rawahah memiliki peran dalam sejarah awal Islam, penelitian mengenai sosoknya masih terbatas di Indonesia. Artikel ini akan menjelaskan biografi singkat Abdullah bin Rawahah, latar belakang terjadinya Perang Mu’tah, serta kepemimpinan Abdullah bin Rawahah dalam Perang Mu’tah. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah, yang meliputi heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan historiografi, dengan memanfaatkan tiga sumber primer utama, yaitu Sirah Nabawiyah karya Ibnu Hisyam, kitab Al-Maghazi karya Al-Waqidi. dan kitab Tarikh al-Rusul wal Muluk karya Al-Tabari. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori kepemimpinan karismatik dari Max Weber sebagai kerangka analisis. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa Abdullah bin Rawahah merupakan salah satu sahabat Rasulullah saw. yang pandai baca-tulis dan bersyair, serta sering dipercaya dalam berbagai tugas penting, seperti terlibat dalam berbagai peperangan. Perang Mu’tah menjadi perang terakhir yang diikutinya, karena ia mati syahid dalam perang ini. Perang Mu'tah dilatarbelakangi oleh terbunuhnya utusan Rasulullah saw., Al-Harits bin 'Umair Al-Azdi, serta peristiwa lainnya, sehingga Rasulullah saw. mengerahkan 3.000 pasukan menghadapi 200.000 prajurit Romawi di bawah tiga panglima, yaitu Zaid bin Haritsah, Ja'far bin Abi Thalib, dan Abdullah bin Rawahah. Melalui analisis teori kepemimpinan karismatik dari Max Weber, kepemimpinan Abdullah bin Rawahah menunjukkan corak kepemimpinan yang bersumber dari kualitas pribadi, kemunculannya di tengah situasi krisis, serta pembuktian nyata hingga mati syahid, meskipun otoritasnya berawal dari penunjukan oleh Rasulullah saw. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan karismatik dapat bertransformasi dari otoritas lain, sehingga memperkaya kajian mengenai model kepemimpinan dalam sejarah awal Islam.
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Izzati, N., & Arfan, A. A. (2026). THE CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP OF ABDULLAH BIN RAWAHAH IN THE BATTLE OF MU’TAH, 8 AH/629 CE. Jazirah: Jurnal Peradaban Dan Kebudayaan, 7(1), 166-194. https://doi.org/10.51190/jazirah.v7i1.405
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Baqi, Muhammad Fu’ad Abdul. Shahih Bukhari Muslim (Al-Lu’Lu Wal Marjan. Translated by Muhammad Ahsan bin Usman. Jakarta: PT Elex Media Komputindo, 2017.
Chalil, K. H. Moenawar. Kelengkapan Tarikh Nabi Muhammad. Jilid 2. Jakarta: Gema Insani, 2001.
Fadhilah, Annisa, Afif Rahim Gifari, Muhammad Naufal Ashrof-fath, Hudaidah, and Risa Marta Yati. “Komparasi Perang Uhud dan Mut’ah dalam Naskah Pendidikan Islam Karya Nasrudin Taha.” Khazanah: Jurnal Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam (Padang) 15, no. 2 (2025). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15548/khazanah.v15i2.2370.
Hadariyah, and Siti Waspiatul Kamilah. “Pendekatan Mawḍu‘i Terhadap Hadis-Hadis Eskatologi: Relevansi Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Penguatan Aqidah.” Al-Hasyimi: Jurnal Ilmu Hadis (Probolinggo) 2, no. 2 (2025): 1–12.
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Ibn al-Athir, Izz ad-Din. أسد الغابة في معرفة الصحابة: Usd al-Ghabah Fi Ma’rifat Ash-Shahabah. 1st ed. Beirut: دار ابن حزم : Dar Ibn Hazm, 2012. Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/bensaoud_gmail_20170321_1408.
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Ilma, Mughniatul, and Rifqi Nur Alfian. “Konsepsi Masyarakat Madani dalam Bingkai Pendidikan Islam.” MA’ALIM: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam (Ponorogo) 1, no. 01 (September 2020). https://doi.org/10.21154/maalim.v1i01.2186.
Karim, Abdurrahman bin Abdul. Sejarah Terlengkap Nabi Muhammad SAW. Cet. 1. Yogyakarta: Saufa, 2016.
Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia. “Qur’an Kemenag - Surah Asy-Syu’ara’.” 2022. https://quran.kemenag.go.id/quran/per-ayat/surah/26?from=1&to=227.
———. “Qur’an Kemenag - Surah Maryam.” 2022. https://quran.kemenag.go.id/quran/per-ayat/surah/26?from=1&to=227.
Khalid, Khalid Muhammad. Biografi 60 Sahabat Rasulullah SAW. Edited by Ikhlas Hikmatiar. Translated by Kaserun A. S. Rahman. Jakarta: Qisthi Press, 2015.
Madjid, M. Dien, and Johan Wahyudhi. Ilmu Sejarah: Sebuah Pengantar. Depok: Prenadamedia Group, 2018.
Maksum, M. Zarqom. “Maulid Dalam Wacana Barzanji Dan Muhammad Iqbal.” Analisa (Medan), July 17, 1997. Monumen Pers Nasional.
Marsah, Hawariah. “Cara Khilafah Memberantas Suap-Menyuap.” Sosioreligius: Jurnal Ilmiah Sosiologi Agama (Makassar) 1, no. 1 (2015). https://doi.org/10.24252/sosioreligius.v1i1.4528.
Mawasti, Wahanani. “Strategi Nabi Muhammad Membangun Komitmen Organisasional Kaum Anshar.” INTELEKSIA - Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Dakwah 4, no. 1 (July 2022): 135–56. https://doi.org/10.55372/inteleksiajpid.v4i1.210.
Mishri, Syaikh Mahmud. Sahabat-Sahabat Rasulullah S.A.W. Cet. 2. Vol. 2. Jakarta: Pustaka Ibnu Katsir, 2010. https://archive.org/details/sahabat-sahabat-rasullullah-jilid-1-pdfdrive.
Muchtarom, Zaini. “Konsep Max Weber Tentang Kepemimpinan Karismatik.” Refleksi: Jurnal Kajian Agama Dan Filsafat 2, no. 3 (2000): 175–86. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15408/ref.v2i3.14341.
Mursi, Syaikh Muhammad Sa’id. Tokoh-Tokoh Besar Islam Sepanjang Sejarah. Cet. 9. Translated by Khoirul Amru Harahap and Achmad Faozan. Jakarta: Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2020.
Muslim, Kori Lilie, and Tomi Hendra. “Sejarah dan Strategi Nabi Muhammad SAW di Mekah.” Khazanah: Jurnal Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam (Padang) 9, no. 18 (December 2019): 104–12. https://doi.org/10.15548/khazanah.vi.232.
Nasution, M. Yunan. “Nuzulul Qur’an.” Abadi, October 12, 1973. Monumen Pers Nasional.
Qashab, Walid. ديوان عبد الله بن رواحة ودراسة في سيرته وشعره: Diwan Abdullah Bin Rawahah Wa Dirasah Fi Siratihi Wa Syirihi. 1st ed. Riyadh: دار العلوم : Dar- al-Ulum, 1982. Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/3526pdf_202001.
Rahim, Abdulkhaliq, and Ahmad Muthar Khudair. “الصحابي عبدالله بن رواحة (ت8هـ) وجهادة في عصر النبوة غزوة مؤتة نموذجاً: The Companion Abdullah bin Rawahah (D. 8 AH) and His Jihad During the Era of the Prophet, the Battle of Mu’tah, as an Example.” مجلة ديالى للبحوث الانسانية (Diyala, Iraq), no. 2 (2024): 33–42.
Rohmah, Tazkiyyatur. “Strategi Peperangan Khalid Bin Walid Dalam Perang Mu’tah Dan Perang Yarmuk.” JSI: Jurnal Sejarah Islam 1, no. 01 (July 2022): 95–109. https://doi.org/10.24090/jsij.v1i1.6642.
Trisnawaty A. “Syahidnya Tiga Pemuda Dan Panji Rasulullah SAW.” Artikel Online. Muslimah Times, October 30, 2018. https://muslimahtimes.com/2018/10/30/syahidnya-tiga-pemuda-dan-panji-rasulullah-saw/.
Ulya, Kalimatul, and Saidah. “Rijalul Qur’an : Membincang Sejarah Para Penulis Wahyu.” QOF : Jurnal Studi Alqur’an Dan Tafsir (Kediri) 1, no. 1 (2017): 51–64. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30762/qof.v1i1.929.
Weber, Max. The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. Translated by A. M. Henderson and Talcot Parsons. New York: The Free Press, 1947.