A SAUSSUREAN SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS OF RACIAL IDENTITY IN SPIKE LEE’S BLACKKKLANSMAN (2018)
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Penelitian ini mengkaji konstruksi identitas rasial dalam film BlacKkKlansman (2018) karya Spike Lee melalui teori semiotika Ferdinand de Saussure. Sementara penelitian terdahulu umumnya berfokus pada wacana, bahasa, atau penggambaran tematik tentang rasisme, penelitian ini menelaah bagaimana tanda-tanda verbal dan visual bekerja secara terpadu dalam membangun makna supremasi kulit putih dan identitas kulit Hitam. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, penelitian ini menganalisis 20 adegan yang dipilih berdasarkan kriteria penelitian yang terdiri atas representasi verbal dan visual berdasarkan konsep penanda (signifier) dan petanda (signified) dari Saussure. Data dikumpulkan melalui penayangan film secara berulang, segmentasi adegan, dokumentasi, dan pencatatan, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan model analisis data interaktif Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penanda verbal dan visual secara bersama-sama membangun identitas rasial melalui representasi supremasi kulit putih, rasisme institusional, identitas kulit Hitam, dan perlawanan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa BlacKkKlansman berfungsi sebagai teks budaya yang membangun makna ideologis melalui sistem tanda yang saling berkaitan, sehingga menunjukkan relevansi kerangka semiotika Saussure bagi kajian sastra dan film.
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Rusmawan, D. A., Nurhapitudin, I., & Sakinah, R. M. N. (2026). A SAUSSUREAN SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS OF RACIAL IDENTITY IN SPIKE LEE’S BLACKKKLANSMAN (2018). Jazirah: Jurnal Peradaban Dan Kebudayaan, 7(1), 78-107. https://doi.org/10.51190/jazirah.v7i1.409
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Turco, Lewis. The Book of Literary Terms: The Genres of Fiction, Drama, Nonfiction, Literary Criticism, and Scholarship, Second Edition. University of New Mexico Press, 2020.
Wollen, Peter. Signs and Meaning in the Cinema. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2019.
Alviniyanti. “Racism on Spike Lee’s Blackkklansman Movie: A Critical Discourse Analysis.” 2019. http://etheses.uin-malang.ac.id/19240/1/15320132.pdf.
Ang, Desmond. “The Birth of a Nation: Media and Racial Hate.” American Economic Review 113, no. 6 (June 2023): 1424–60. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20201867.
Atasoy, İrem. “Literature and Film. Introduction to Literary Film Analysis.” Studien zur deutschen Sprache und Literatur 1, no. 37 (June 2017): 59–62.
Bailey, Joanelle A., Sara F. Jacoby, Erin C. Hall, Utsha Khatri, Gregory Whitehorn, and Elinore J. Kaufman. “Compounding Trauma: The Intersections of Racism, Law Enforcement, and Injury.” Current Trauma Reports 8, no. 3 (May 2022): 105–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40719-022-00231-7.
Benshoff, Harry M., and Sean Griffin. America on Film: Representing Race, Class, Gender, and Sexuality at the Movies. John Wiley & Sons, 2021.
Creswell, John W., and J. David Creswell. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. SAGE Publications, 2017.
Dean, Lorraine T., and Roland J. Thorpe. “What Structural Racism Is (or Is Not) and How to Measure It: Clarity for Public Health and Medical Researchers.” American Journal of Epidemiology 191, no. 9 (August 2022): 1521–26. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwac112.
Gregory, Anthony. “Policing Jim Crow America: Enforcers’ Agency and Structural Transformations.” Law and History Review 40, no. 1 (February 2022): 91–122. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0738248021000456.
H, Cone, James. Black Theology and Black Power: 50th Anniversary Edition. Orbis Books, 2018.
Hafitri, Erlania, and Laili Etika Rahmawati. “Semiotic Analysis of Cultural Identity and Colonial Resistance in ‘Black Panther: Wakanda Forever.’” Jurnal Spektrum Komunikasi 13, no. 2 (June 2025): 255–69. https://doi.org/10.37826/spektrum.v13i2.973.
Hasanah, Lailatul, and Nine Febrie Novitasari. A Study of Racism and Hatred by Ku Klux Klan in Movie BlacKkKlansman. 2021.
Jung, Moon-Kie, João H. Costa Vargas, and Eduardo Bonilla-Silva, eds. State of White Supremacy: Racism, Governance, and the United States. Stanford University Press, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780804777445.
Kolker, Robert P., and Marsha Gordon. Film, Form, and Culture. 5th ed. New York: Routledge, 2024. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003398875.
Lapsley, Robert, and Michael Westlake. Film Theory: An Introduction. 2nd edition. Manchester New York: Manchester University Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526185853.
McVeigh, Robbie. “Kwame Ture and Charles Hamilton’s Black Power: The Politics of Liberation.” In Mobilising Classics, edited by Fiona Dukelow and Orla O’Donovan. Manchester University Press, 2016. https://doi.org/10.7765/9780719095016.00012.
Miles, Matthew B., A. Michael Huberman, and Johnny Saldana. Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. SAGE Publications, 2013.
Pradnyana, Komang Geni. “The Analysis of Taboo Language as a Form of Racial Discrimination on Blackkklansman Film by Spike Lee.” International Journal of Language and Literature 6, no. 3 (July 2023): 107–18. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijll.v6i3.29254.
Rahman, Jacquelyn. “The N Word: Its History and Use in the African American Community.” Journal of English Linguistics 40, no. 2 (June 2012): 137–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/0075424211414807.
Ramrao, Dr Totawad Nagnath. Film and Literature: An Overview. 2016.
Roberts, Steven O., and Michael T. Rizzo. “The Psychology of American Racism.” American Psychologist 76, no. 3 (April 2021): 475–87. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000642.
Rose, Gillian. Visual Methodologies: An Introduction to Researching with Visual Materials. 4th edition. London: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2016.
Shames, Stephen, and Seale Bobby. Power to the People: The World of the Black Panthers. Abrams, 2016.
Smalls, Krystal A., Arthur K. Spears, and Jonathan Rosa. “Introduction: Language and White Supremacy.” Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 31, no. 2 (August 2021): 152–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/jola.12329.
Sya’dian, Triadi. “ANALISIS SEMIOTIKA PADA FILM LASKAR PELANGI.” PROPORSI : Jurnal Desain, Multimedia Dan Industri Kreatif 1, no. 1 (November 2015): 51. https://doi.org/10.22303/proporsi.1.1.2015.51-63.
Turco, Lewis. The Book of Literary Terms: The Genres of Fiction, Drama, Nonfiction, Literary Criticism, and Scholarship, Second Edition. University of New Mexico Press, 2020.
Wollen, Peter. Signs and Meaning in the Cinema. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2019.